We present a hydrodynamic model for a thin spherical shell of active nematic liquid crystal with an arbitrary configuration of defects.The active flows generated by defects in the director lead to the formation of stable vortices, analogous to those seen in confined systems in flat geometries, which generate effective dynamics for four +1/2 defects

This study was conducted to Garter Belts determine the responses to saline-alkaline (SA) stress with regard to nutrient accumulation in two rice varieties having different tolerances to salt-stress.A salinity-tolerant landrace, Pokkali, and a salinity-sensitive variety, PTT1, were exposed to three levels of SA conditions, pH 7.0 (mild), pH 8.0 (mod